Toronto Star

By now, we've all heard of the Bilbao effect, but what about the Toronto effect? The former refers, of course, to what happens when a building comes along that's so spectacular it leads to the rebirth of a city. The name comes from the celebrated Guggenheim Museum that Frank Gehry designed for Bilbao, Spain's answer to Sudbury. By contrast, the Toronto effect occurs when a building causes a city to tear into itself because the architecture isn't as spectacular as many had hoped, even though just as many would have been offended if it had been as spectacular as some expected.